Underground (Tricholoma populinum) is a conditionally edible mushroom from the family of rows. It is not as popular as boletus, mushrooms, mushrooms, boletus and other trophies of lovers of "silent hunting", but this is no less tasty.
Description of the clerk
Underground member belongs to the group of lamellar mushrooms. Propagated by spores. The main difference is the special smell. If you smell the poplars, it seems that you are smelling fresh flour - this smell makes them unusually delicious in pickled and salted form.
Mushroom pickers appreciate young mushrooms. They, unlike the "old", the hat is not open, and most importantly - they practically have no worms. But due to the fact that the "young" is hiding in the ground, it has to be cleaned and washed for a long time before processing. How to find out the row:
- Hat shape. In young mushrooms, hemispherical. As you grow older, the hat opens. At first it is convex, and then it is depressed, covered with cracks. The “centenarians” hats reach a diameter of 18 cm. The old hats have uneven, cracked edges. It is fleshy, and if it rains it is slippery.
- Colour. Records - thin and frequent, white or cream shades. Over time, their color changes - the plates become pinkish brown. Reddish spots may appear on old records. The color of the hat is from tan to gray and red-brown. If you remove the skin from the hat, the flesh of a slightly reddish color is exposed under it.
- Pulp. Fleshy and white. The taste is mealy-sweet.
- Leg. The length is usually 3-6 cm. But it can reach 12 cm. In diameter - 1-4 cm. The shape is cylindrical. On a smooth and fibrous leg - flaky-scaly coating.
When and where does it grow?
Underground fighters spread almost all over the world. They can be found on almost the entire territory of Russia - from the southern regions to the Far Eastern borders. They also grow in abundance throughout Europe, and the inhabitants of the North American continent are also familiar with them. Even in Central Asia, you can find this tenacious and unpretentious mushroom.
You can collect the followers from mid-August to October. What is good about this representative of the mushroom kingdom is its fertility. One of its names is “row”, the mushroom received just for the peculiarity to grow in groups, rows. For growth, he does not need coniferous forest, this mushroom is ready to grow in the most difficult conditions. Where you can meet families of followers:
- runways along the roads;
- parks with poplar groves;
- deciduous forest;
- aspen and hazel.
Features of growth of the clerk:
- Almost never grows alone. If a mushroom picker found one sandpiper, it means that with a probability of 99%, there are at least a few more mushrooms nearby.
- They love to hide in soil and under foliage - you need to be extremely vigilant and attentive to discern prey.
- Prefer sandy soils.
Varieties of the clerk
Sandbox - a kind of rowing. He has a lot of popular names, but they are mainly associated with his peculiarity to grow near poplars. He is called:
- poplar (poplar) row;
- clerk;
- topolivka;
- a sandbox;
- sandstone;
- flooding;
- zabalyukami;
- frost freezer.
Sandboxes prefer the steppe regions. The most common types of sandbox:
- Gray;
- red;
- greenfinchs.
The names of the varieties of the clerk reflect the color of their hats. Bright shades stand out against the background of pale flesh. The hardest thing to look for gray sandboxes - they easily hide among the fallen foliage of poplars.
How to collect the clerk?
To mushroom "catch" was plentiful and useful, follow the rules of the collection:
- Do not take the poplar trees growing along the highways - they absorb exhausts. Go to the forest for at least 1.5 km.
- Follow the ranks in mild, clear weather. It is advisable that the day before it rains - then the "catch" will be more generous.
- Stock up with a stick - sandboxes like to hide, you have to rake the foliage and topsoil.
- Do not forget that next to one poplar tree there are sure to be others. It happens that in one place you can pick up a full basket.
Inexperienced mushroom pickers are often mistaken for wardworms as a warrior, which can provoke digestive upset. To avoid making a mistake, do not look for poplar trees under coniferous trees.
Watch the video - a campaign for rows. An experienced mushroom picker will tell you how and where to look for them, how to collect and cook deliciously:
Mushroom value
Ryadovka poplar is characterized by low calorie content, and its chemical composition is close to meat. It has a lot of polyunsaturated fats, so it is considered a dietary product. Calorie content 100 g of the product - 24 kcal. The row contains:
- Water - 94.5%.
- Proteins - 3.66%.
- Fats - 0.77%.
- Carbohydrates - 1.56%.
- Vitamins A, C, Group B, PP.
- Minerals - selenium, potassium phosphorus.
- Organic acids. In a row there is a lot of citric, tartaric, oxalic acid.
- Enzymes that break down fats and glycogens.
Ryadovka poplar is in demand in pharmaceuticals and culinary. Ryadovka is low-calorie, so it can be used for dietary nutrition. Vegetarians value it as a source of protein.
Cultivation of clerks
Underground can be grown artificially. The main condition for growth is a suitable temperature. Fruit bodies begin to grow only when the temperature drops to 15 ° C. There are two options for growing - outdoors and indoors.
Street cultivation
On the street, it’s technically easier to grow a mushroom. Bookmark starts in May. The culture is placed in boxes or bags with a substrate, and laid out in beds. As a substrate, you can use:
- peat;
- land;
- soil for plants.
For 5 kg of soil make:
- chalk - 100 g;
- water - 1 l;
- mycelium (vegetative body of mushrooms) - 50 g.
Further procedure:
- After mixing the mixture, spread it in prepared containers.
- Sprinkle with moist earth. Cover with a film. Ideal conditions for mycelium are high humidity, air circulation and a temperature of 20 ° C.
- After overgrowing the earth with mycelium, the film is removed. The substrate is placed in the shade. The first fungi will appear 5-6 weeks after laying.
Mushrooms are afraid of frost. Before their onset, it is necessary to close the mushroom "garden" with straw, grass, leaves.
Each time, having collected the next batch of mushrooms, the earth is watered. Or they add moist earth - it's even better.
Indoor cultivation
To grow a decent harvest of poplar in the room, you need special conditions:
- high humidity;
- temperature conditions in the range of 12-15 ° C;
- constant ventilation;
- natural light;
- wetting the substrate;
- sprinkling mycelium with moist soil.
Underground is considered a delicious mushroom that is not difficult to find or grow on your own. It is also popular and in demand in many countries, which makes its cultivation profitable.