More and more summer residents are choosing exotic and unusual varieties of tomatoes for themselves. This includes the dark-fruited variety Chernomor. In order to successfully grow such tomatoes and collect a plentiful crop, you must adhere to the recommendations for care and know the features of such varieties. In the article we will consider the main points and stages of growing Chernomor.
tomato variety "Chernomor"
tomato seeds grade "Chernomor"
“Chernomor” variety has beautiful zkzotic large tomatoes with excellent taste
Grade description
Tomato Black Sea was first bred in China, since 2000 it has been allowed for cultivation in Russia and is gaining wide popularity among households. Belongs to mid-ripening varieties with high productivity. The main distinguishing feature of the variety is the dark purple color of the fruit and the rich taste.
Chernomor is a semi-determinant variety, suitable for growing in various climatic conditions, except for northern latitudes. It is used both for planting in open ground, and for greenhouse maintenance. The bushes reach one and a half meters in height, have a thick and strong trunk.
Characteristics and yield
The fruits of the variety are large, have a small ribbing and a rounded shape. Tomato peel is dense, retains the shape of the fruit well and protects it from cracking during growth and storage. As the tomato ripens, it shifts from a light green to burgundy hue, the ripe fruit has purple areas and a darker color around the stem.
The average weight of one tomato is 250-300 g. The yield of Chernomor is above average, up to 15 kg of fruit ripens from one healthy bush.
The picking of tomatoes can be started before the final ripening, since they acquire the brightest hue and richness of taste even when separated from the stalk. Harvested well tolerates transportation, elastic fruits retain their appearance and are stored for a long time.
The taste of the variety is pronouncedly sweet, with a pleasant sourness, the tomatoes are fleshy and juicy. Tomatoes are well suited for fresh consumption, add to salads and snacks, a large amount of pulp allows you to use for stewing and baking. When squeezing, they give a large amount of juice from 1 kg of fruit.
Advantages and disadvantages of Chernomor
Like any other variety, Black Sea has its own characteristics and advantages that should be paid attention to before starting cultivation. The main advantages of a tomato include:
- aesthetic appearance and noble color of fruits;
- pleasant taste and firm flesh;
- good yield with proper care;
- high content of vitamin A and suitability for dietary nutrition;
- the possibility of growing in open ground and greenhouse conditions;
- resistance to transportation and long-term storage;
- relative unpretentiousness of bushes to temperature differences.
The variety does not have significant shortcomings, among them there are:
- susceptibility to fungal disease - late blight;
- the need for regular recharge and fertilization of the soil;
- the need for tying and constant control of the bush due to the severity of the fruit.
In comparison, the variety has more advantages, and similar disadvantages are inherent in many types of tomatoes and are easily neutralized with due attention.
Seedling Selection
The Chernomor variety can be successfully grown both from seeds and from purchased ready-made seedlings. For the correct choice of sprouts, you need to pay attention to several important criteria:
- Tomato Black Sea should be planted in soil or a greenhouse by mid-May, if the warm weather has not settled by this time, then you can postpone the landing at the end of May or the first days of June. Seedlings are acquired immediately before planting in the ground. It is advisable that all bushes be bought and planted at the same time.
- The height of a suitable seedling should not be more than 30 cm. Since the Black Sea is a tall variety, up to 10 leaves are allowed on the bush. A large number of leaves indicates an acceleration of growth with nitrogen fertilization, and this reduces the subsequent yield of the bush.
- The trunk of the plant should be strong and keep the bush upright. There should be no mechanical and painful damage on it.
- The root system without obvious damage and decay. The variety has a wide root system, because seedlings should be located in a spacious container, sufficient for the normal development of the bush.
- The appearance of the plant is healthy. The leaves should not be yellowed, twisted, with black spots and other signs of disease. An infected bush will bring disease to other growths through the soil. If there is any sign of at least one plant, you should not buy seedlings from this seller, as there is a risk of infection even of healthy looking bushes or soil beneath them.
- Absence of oviposition of parasites, larvae and aphids. Inspect the underside of the leaves and trunk for pests.
- Signs of overgrown bushes: plentiful foliage, high growth, the presence of active inflorescences. It is important to make sure that the bush is not too mature. If you have to purchase seedlings with inflorescences, it is advisable to carefully remove them, since the flower will take away the strength and nutrients of the immature plant.
Soil and fertilizers
For Chernomor, as well as for other varieties of tomatoes, enriched soil with nutrients is required. The voluminous root system requires soil permeability, friability and the absence of a high content of clay rocks.
To plant seedlings in the ground, it is necessary to prepare the soil in advance. When choosing a place on the site, avoid beds where nightshades also grew in previous seasons: tomatoes, potatoes or eggplants. It is better to give preference to places where cucumbers were planted, as well as cabbage, onions or carrots.
In full recovery and soil preparation should include:
- Saturation with lime to reduce acidity. During spring digging (1-2 weeks before planting), lime powder is introduced into the ground - up to 0.8 kg per 1 sq. Km. m beds. For the method to be effective, it is necessary to dig up the top layer together with the powder, since lime on the surface of the soil will not penetrate to the roots of the plant.
- Sanding. It is better to carry out this procedure in advance, in the autumn period. For 1 square. m of soil will need 1 bucket of sand.
- Copper sulfate treatment for disinfection. The water for the solution should be 70-80 degrees. m, 1 liter of solution is introduced.
- Adding organic feed - compost, humus. To obtain the effect, from 3 to 7 kg is applied per 1 sq. m.
Mineral fertilizers must be applied to the soil before planting bushes. The compositions are placed at a depth of 15-20 cm when digging. The optimal set of fertilizers per 1 sq. Km. m of soil is presented in the table below.
Fertilizer | Volume per 1 sq. m of soil |
Potassium sulfate | 10-20 g |
Superphosphate | 50-60 g |
Ammonium nitrate | 2 g |
Preparing the soil for planting requires attention and respect for the proportions of fertilizers and top dressing. The best result can be achieved if you start preparing with the autumn digging of the earth.
The root system of Chernomor can grow up to 50 cm wide, so a separate bush requires a spacious seating and a deep hole. Planting should be done in rows at a distance of 30 cm from each other. The adjacent row is optimally positioned after 45-50 cm.
Planting in prepared soil is carried out only when a warm climate is established and there is no frost at all. The optimum temperature for growing tomatoes is 22-28 degrees. If at night the air warming drops below 20 degrees, then plants will need additional protection. Greenhouse conditions can replace the sheltering of beds with foil at night.
Watering the plants is regular, but moderate. Before the start of fruit ripening, Chernomor is resistant to drought, however, with a strong lack of moisture, the ovary may die. The most suitable soil moisture is about 70%.
Tomatoes require bright light during the day and grow well in sunny weather. At night, the plant rests from bright rays and during this period the bush itself and fruit ovary are actively formed.
General soil care during the growth process consists in timely watering, loosening the soil, removing weeds and applying fertilizers.
Growing seedlings from seeds
The surest way to get quality seedlings is to grow it yourself. Seeds are purchased in advance and can be stored for up to several years. You should choose seeds from trusted sellers. These can be either familiar people who have already grown the Chernomor variety, or large sellers who have established themselves in the gardening market.
Read an article on how to grow tomato seedlings.
When buying seeds, it is important to keep track of several factors:
- Description and labeling. Seeds are stored in a package, there is a labeling, name, a brief description of the variety, as well as legal information and contacts of the manufacturer.
- Quality packaging. Thick paper of the package, clear printing and legible text, colorful and clear image of the variety.
- Packaging condition. No traces of getting wet, moisture. The package has not been opened, damaged or dented. No strange smell, deformation. Shelf life not exceeded.
The best decision when buying seeds is to choose specialized stores, where the seller can give recommendations and provide exactly the variety that you need. And storage of products takes place in proper conditions.
Seed preparation
The first thing to do is to check the condition of the seeds. They should be clean, of a uniform yellow shade, without signs of mold or drying out.
Seeds are processed in two stages: warming up with hot water, disinfection with manganese. After removing the seeds, they are doused with water heated to 55-60 degrees. Then a 1% solution of potassium manganese is prepared, the seeds are soaked in it for a day. These procedures help keep the seeds from developing bacteria that are already present.
Soaking seeds can be carried out using ordinary water, or a nutrient solution. At home, they use folk recipes. The table below shows some of them.
Solutions for fertilizing and soaking seeds | Application |
Aloe Blend | Store aloe leaves in the refrigerator for 1-2 weeks, then squeeze out the juice, mix with water in a 1: 1 ratio. Soak the fabric in the mixture, wrap the seeds in it for a day. Then soak the seeds with water until germination. |
Wood ash | Dilute 2 tbsp. l. ash in a liter of water, insist for two days. Then place the seeds in a flat container and add a little solution, leave for 4-6 hours before soaking. |
Mushroom broth | Pour the dried mushrooms with a liter of boiling water and let cool. Soak the seeds in the strained broth for 4 to 6 hours before soaking. |
Honey solution | Dissolve 1 teaspoon of honey in 250 ml of water, place the seeds and solution in a flat container so that the liquid barely covers the seeds. Leave for 5 hours. |
Hardening of seeds by climate change is also effective. Within 5 days of soaking, the seeds are alternately kept in the refrigerator and at room temperature. Duration of exposure in the cold - 19 hours, and in the room - 5 hours.
Content and location
For planting seeds, prepare the land saturated with natural fertilizer - humus. The soil should be well warmed up, therefore 1-2 weeks before planting it should be kept at room temperature, mixed and loosened.
Before planting, the soil is placed in seedling containers. If one common container is prepared for all the sprouts, it is necessary that the seeds are located no closer than 1.5-2 cm from each other. In the process of emergence of seedlings, the boxes should not be chilled.
Planting Seeds: A Step-by-Step Process
The whole process of planting tomato seeds in boxes with soil is divided into several steps:
- Selection of seeds for planting. Only germinated seeds are selected, empty, spoiled ones are disposed of. It is better to prepare 30-40% of seeds more than the planned number, since part of them will not be suitable for cultivation, and part will die in seedlings.
- Marking tanks with ground. The optimal distance between rows is 3 cm. Seeds in a row are located at a distance of 1.5-2 cm from each other.
- Disembarkation. Use a pair of tweezers to place the seed in the holes, but do not dig into the ground. Place a small layer of soil on top.
- Watering. Carefully pour the landing with warm water from a watering can, without violating the soil cover. After watering, cover the box with plastic wrap and leave for 4 days.
Seedling care
The determining factor in the future growth and development of tomato bushes will be the quality of seedling care. The first shoots will be visible 7-10 days after sowing. The temperature regime is constant, during the day they retain heat from 20 to 22-24 degrees, at night at least 17-18 degrees.
It is necessary to place a container with seedlings in the brightest place, window sill, loggia. During the early landing, sunlight is still not enough, therefore artificial light must be added.
In the event that the rays fall from only one side, the sprouts are drawn to the light source and the stem is deformed. For the successful development of seedlings, the daylight along with an artificial source should be at least 16 hours.
According to N. Yu. Tugarova, round-the-clock illumination of seedlings in the first three days after planting gives the best result for further growth.
Watering in the first 2 weeks is carried out once every 7 days. It is necessary to maintain a high level of humidity, it ensures a constant presence under the film. The film is opened gradually during the second week after disembarkation. When the sprouts are fully open, you should switch to watering every 5 days.
Favorably affects the appearance of seedlings fresh air. If the temperature on the window or balcony during the day is around 15-20 degrees, then a container with seedlings should be taken out. The procedure can be carried out up to 2 days of seedling emergence.
After two days, the sprouts become vulnerable to UV rays and there is a danger of burnout. Growing seedlings 3-4 days after germination take out in the sun gradually - from 5 minutes a day.
Seedling picking
A pick is a planting of shoots in separate containers. If the seeds are planted in a common container, then picking helps to accelerate growth and avoid tangling of the root system. The procedure is carried out on the 7-10 day of germination, when the first two leaves appear. One sprout, together with a lump of earth formed around the roots, is placed in a container of 200 ml or more.
The second picking of the seedlings takes place after 3 weeks, but the volume of the planting pot must be at least 1 liter. If initially the seeds were placed in separate containers, then transplanting into large pots will be the primary pick in 2-3 weeks after germination.
Transplanting seedlings into the ground
Planting seedlings in the ground takes place 50-60 days after germination. The first floral brushes on seedlings allow a more accurate determination of the period. After their appearance, it is necessary to land no later than 10-15 days.
Choose a cloudy and cool, but quiet day for planting. No active hot sun. Prepare the soil and beds in advance. Between the rows there should be a distance of at least 50 cm, between bushes of tomatoes at least 30-40 cm.
A few hours before planting, you need to water the seedlings with a small amount of water. This will allow you to easily separate the clod of earth with the root system without damaging it.
Landing is carried out at the same depth that was observed in the containers. If the stem of the plant is taller than 30 cm, then it is possible to increase the depth, or plant the bush at a 45-degree slope. This will shorten the trunk and create additional root outgrowths from it.
After planting, moderate watering of the beds with warm water is necessary. It is important that water does not get on the leaves and stem of the plant - this can lead to burnout.
Care and cultivation of tomatoes Chernomor
This type of tomato belongs to the thermophilic, the best yield is obtained in regions close to the south, with a stable climate without sudden changes and cold weather. Therefore, for growing in open ground from seeds, the variety is suitable in warm and temperate latitudes. For a successful germination, you should follow the rules of care and additional protection.
Conditions of keeping in the open field
Despite the resistance of the variety to small differences in heat and cold, young tomato shoots may not withstand spring nights in open soil. To maintain conditions, planting in open ground is carried out only in the presence of greenhouses or greenhouses. Materials for greenhouses and mini-greenhouses - glass boxes, film for covering beds, polycarbonate with light transmission.
Even lighting is important for the plant throughout its growth. Therefore, the placement of the beds should not be in the shade, under trees, close to buildings and structures.
To select a site, use clean soil, without contamination with building materials, clay compositions. Also, tomatoes are not placed in those places where any nightshades were previously grown.
Planting seeds in the ground
The soil is prepared in a standard manner. It is advisable to plant the seeds in a tape way - dig a trench up to 3 cm deep throughout the row. Pour the planting place, the soil texture should become creamy. Spread the seeds in a line, at a distance of 25-30 cm from each other. Top with earth so that the cover over the seedling is no more than 2 cm.
Immediately after disembarkation, cover the garden bed with foil and press along the perimeters with weighting materials. After the seedlings sprout, you should raise the film with the help of the frame to form a greenhouse.
Watering
Since the spring soil contains a lot of moisture, the irrigation rate is determined as the top layer of the earth dries up. Watering is carried out carefully, with low pressure, with water at room temperature.
After sprouting and sunny weather, water once a week. The soil should be monitored and drought should be avoided. The norm is considered to be from 40 to 60 liters of water for 7-8 bushes. Water is injected into the ground without irrigating the foliage.
Loosening and weeding
The Black Sea has a voluminous root system, their development requires aeration of the soil, because loosening is carried out regularly. After watering or rain, they wait for moisture to be absorbed into the ground and raise the top layer by 4-8 cm using a cultivator or hoe. Remove weeds by hand. Repeat the procedure after the next watering, or when caking the soil.
Stealing
For the correct growth of the bush and increase yields, side shoots are removed from the leaf axils. The method allows a young plant to direct the flow of nutrients to fruits and ovaries.
The stepsons are removed when they reach 6 cm. The frame is made by hand, or with thin garden shears. From the base, 1 cm of the shoot is left to exclude damage to the plant stem. Removing the shoots is advisable to do on a sunny day, which allows the cut to dry and tighten. No repetition of the procedure is required.
Top dressing
The soil of the middle lane is quickly depleted, especially if the site is used for several years, therefore additional nutrition is necessary for the normal development and fruiting of plants.
Fertilization of tomatoes is carried out in three stages:
- 10-14 days after planting;
- at the beginning of the flowering period;
- after the first tying of the bushes.
To feed the seedlings, use a mixture of 15 g of ammonium nitrate, 20 g of superphosphate and 15 g of potassium sulfate, dilute the composition in 10 liters of pre-settled water. The rate for 1 bush is 1 liter of solution. Ammonium nitrate can be replaced with 0.5 liters of chicken manure.
When the fruits are tied, you can feed the tomatoes 1 tbsp. superphosphate by first dissolving it in 10 liters of water. m of a tomato garden, use 10 liters of solution.
Garter
Black Sea - a tall tomato with heavy fruits, therefore, requires mandatory garter bushes. Carry out the first stage with a growth of 20-30 cm.
The main purpose of fixing the bush is the uniform pressure of the branches and fruits on the trunk, excluding breaks in the stem and death of the plant. Warming of the plant also protects it from infection by slugs and pests from the soil, enhances the ventilation of the bush, necessary for pollination of inflorescences.
Types of garter designs:
- horizontal trellis;
- vertical trellis;
- metal or wooden pegs;
- a small fence around the plant;
- garter to the hedge.
The growth of Chernomor can reach 2 m, therefore vertical tying is most effective. In a greenhouse, this can be a cord attached to the ceiling. In open ground - fastening to a hedge or high horizontal trellis.
The main trunk is tied to a cord with soft ribbons that do not damage the plant. Heavy fruit branches can be attached to additional cords by hanging from straps. In the process of growth, the tape is pulled and moved to the most dangerous areas.
Harvesting and storage
The fruits of the variety begin to be harvested as early as 110-120 days after planting. You can repeat the removal of tomatoes every 3-4 days as they ripen. If the fruits are to be consumed immediately after harvest, it is worth choosing those that have already acquired a dark plum shade. This indicates the full taste maturity of the fetus.
Chernomor ripens well after separation from the bush, therefore, for long-term storage, it is better to choose slightly unripe fruits. They are less prone to crushing, deterioration, and cracking.
For transportation and storage, tomatoes are placed in spacious boxes in 2-3 layers. The bottom layer should be the largest and strongest fruits, less mature. Ripe and soft tomatoes are placed on top.
For storage, infected and damaged fruits are excluded - moisture and bacteria will spoil neighboring tomatoes. Thick paper or fabric is placed between the layers. Do not use polyethylene for the interlayer - this can lead to rot and mold on the crop.
Store tomatoes in a cool and dry room with good ventilation. Subject to the conditions, the exposure time will be up to 3 weeks.
Pests, diseases and prevention
Tomatoes are susceptible to several diseases. For Chernomor, the most dangerous defeat is late blight. Prevention of this and other infections is presented in the table.
Tomato diseases of the Black Sea | Symptoms | Treatment / Prevention |
Late blight | Appears in the form of dark spots on the surface of the stem and leaves. | Spraying with "Fitosporin" for prophylaxis. For treatment - Famoksadon solution. |
Mosaic | Whitish rashes on the surface of the leaves. The carrier is a garden aphid. | Can not be cured, affected areas are removed. For prophylaxis, they are sprayed with formulations from aphids. |
Blackleg | Infection begins with the blackening of the trunk at the surface of the earth. Gradually, the plant withers. | The most effective composition for curing is "Pseudobacterin-2". |
Possible problems and recommendations:
The most common pests are the larvae of the garden aphid, bear and beetle. To destroy the use of traps, poisonous compounds.
The main recommendation for the successful cultivation of Chernomor is timely and regular care. The variety takes root quite well on the site, subject to the temperature regime, protection from pests and maintaining the soil moisture level.
Sunlight is the main source of growth and development of the bush, so you should avoid being in the shade all the time. Choosing the right landing site will eliminate this problem.
Do not neglect top dressing and fertilizer. The introduction of nutrients is carried out on schedule and in exact proportions, oversaturation with chemical fertilizers can lead to the death of the plant.
One of the common problems of the variety is the falling of the ovary and flowers. This is the tomato's first reaction to many external factors. If watering and sunlight are sufficient, then you should pay attention to complementary foods - nitrogenous fertilizers are best suited.
Grade Reviews
Sergey, 60 years old, summer resident, Nizhny Tagil. I took seeds from two different producers, SeDec and a local seller. Harvest from the brand Sedek pleased, the tomatoes are tasty, large and quite a lot from one bush. But the second type of seeds did not take root - they came up poorly, the crop is small. Next year I will take it again, but only with a proven brand.
Nikolay, 37 years old, amateur gardener, Bryansk. I took a dark-fruited variety for the first time. There were no particular problems with cultivation. I liked the tomatoes, very velvety and juicy pulp! Large, dense tomatoes, very tasty.
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The Black Sea variety has been successfully grown by Russian gardeners for many years. The taste of dessert tomatoes is perfect for culinary experiments! Subject to the proper conditions and respect for the bushes, the harvest will delight you with its abundance and will become one of the most popular varieties for many years.