The meat breeds of bulls or cows differ from other representatives of cattle in that they gain weight much better, give in to intensive feeding and are relatively picky in keeping and feeding. Also, meat-producing animals have impressive dimensions and, when slaughtered, give more tasty meat with a high indicator of fat content and energy value.
Meat breeds of bulls and cows
If we compare a cow with a dairy direction and a meat one, the latter is not suitable for obtaining very good milk yields, while a dairy cow will not produce that amount of meat when slaughtered. We learn about which meat breeds of cattle are the most popular, which of them can be found in Russia.
Aberdeen Angus Cows
These animals differ in appearance, as their coat has a bright black color with a valid red tan. The body shape is traditionally large, the same are other breeds of cows of meat direction:
- the chest is widely deployed;
- the limbs are short;
- the neck is powerful, short;
- the pelvis is wide;
- a muscular pattern is clearly visible on the skin;
- animal growth from 1.2 to 1.5 m is quite high;
- horns are absent (hornless cows and bulls);
- the coat on the surface of the skin is delicate and thin.
What is the meat of an Aberdeen-Angus cow:
- meat has a marble sectional view;
- there are small fatty layers;
- bone waste is not more than 18%.
A distinctive feature of the breed is that the animal is prone to obesity, this fact must be taken into account during the preparation of the menu and daily diet. If you decide to use this cow for milking, you should not wait for large milk yields, as this is not a dairy breed. The maximum amount of milk per year is about 1400 liters.
Animals of this breed can boast a lot of weight at a fairly early age. So, bulls can weigh in some cases up to 1 ton, and cows - up to 600 kg.
Breed Aquitaine meat
These cows and bulls belong to the category of heavyweights. Outwardly, the animals are light in color, usually a light brown or even beige tone. As in the previous case, the cows are large, have a pronounced muscle texture, the body looks elongated. The head is not heavy, although the forehead looks massive.
An adult goby can reach 1350 kg of live weight, while the female weighs at least 700 kg. The growth of representatives of this breed is about 1.4 m, at birth, the calf of the Aquitaine meat breed can weigh about 45 kg. The breed is different in that the calves gain weight at a record speed: up to 2 kg per day, although closer to the one-year-old age, the weight gain rate drops to around 1.5 kg. The meat is distinguished by a delicate structure, a layer of fat happens, but it is insignificant.
Separately, it is worth mentioning that caring for this breed is not difficult, since cows and gobies take root well in any territory and climate, have a comfortable, calm character, and live for a long time.
Auliekol cows
These cows got a ticket to life in Kazakhstan more than 30 years ago, however, to this day the breed has not lost its popularity. So, now you can meet representatives of the Auliekol breed everywhere, including in Russia. These cows are gray in color, more than 60% of cattle are born without horns, that is, they are hornless. An unconditional advantage can be called the fact that such domestic cattle will be able to easily withstand the change of conditions or the transition from one feed to another. It is also worth noting that the representatives of the Auliekol breed tolerate cold well, as they overgrow with an additional undercoat in winter, this is another plus for the acquisition of such cows in Russia.
The average weight of a bull of this breed is about 1 ton, although isolated cases of a record weight of 1250 kg are known. A cow weighs exactly half as much: no more than 650 kg. When slaughtering, the waste part takes about 35-40%, while the skin can be stratified into 5 layers, which makes them an excellent raw material for leather goods.
Belgian breed
The Belgian cattle breed belongs to the meat industry. The peculiarity of these gobies and cows is that the coat color is white or blue-white. A distinctive feature that makes you pay attention to the breed is that cows and bulls have huge muscle mass. This can be explained scientifically: the production of a substance such as myostatin is genetically blocked in cattle, that is, nothing restrains muscle growth in these animals, it continues throughout life.
However, this does not mean that Belgian calves are already born with large muscle mass, this is not so. It is achieved in the process of life and becomes noticeable by about 2-3 months of life.
Already at the age of 1-1.5 years, gobies can weigh about 700 kg, reaching the mark of 1300 kg in adulthood. Although there is evidence that this is not the maximum weight when properly fed, that is, productivity can be increased. It is worth saying that the non-waste part of the cape can make up about 75-80%, while the meat itself has excellent taste indicators, tender and juicy.
Meat breeds of cattle. Exhibition Golden Autumn 2015
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On the pros and cons of beef cattle breeding (GTRK Vyatka)
Bull breed Simmental. Display of meat cattle. Exhibition Golden Autumn-2015.
COWS AND BULLS BODYBUILDERS. BELGIAN BLUE BREED Meet the Super Cow
Galloway Cow
This subspecies is ideal for keeping in areas where there is no dense vegetation. The animal has a well-built body structure:
- chest deep set;
- the neck is powerful, wide;
- the back is straight;
- the hooves are short, the horn is wide;
- no horns;
- color from black to brown, blotches of yellow or white are possible;
- the coat is rough to the touch, slightly wavy, there is an undercoat (this will make it possible to graze cows even in winter, provided that there is not much snow).
Animals gain about 1.2 kg per day, while not reaching record weight indicators, the same applies to offspring:
- female - up to 500 kg;
- male - up to 800 kg.
Despite the fact that animals do not have a large mass, they can boast of excellent meat of the highest quality. It is distinguished by its marble texture, extraordinary juiciness and moderate fat content. Along with this, the Galloveian breed can be attributed to a mixed orientation, that is, dairy-meat breed of cattle, so about 1400 liters of milk from one individual can be milked per year. This productivity indicator cannot be compared with the inherent cow of the dairy direction.
Kazakh meat breed
Based on the name, this breed of cattle of the meat direction of productivity was bred in Kazakhstan using the labor of Russian livestock specialists. Animals of this species have a red coat color mainly, although the extremities of the tail and front of the chest can be painted in lighter colors. Like the previous breed, the Kazakh meat cows are able to tolerate harsh winters, due to the fact that this period is overgrown with additional undercoat.
At birth, calves weigh less than 3 kg, but by the time of growing up they increase their weight by 15-20 times. Despite the fact that the meat has good taste characteristics, it is possible to get no more than 60% of live weight from one carcass, which is not considered a good enough indicator of productivity.
Mensko-Anzhuyskaya ladybug
This breed of cattle belongs to the meat industry. Due to its characteristic color, the breed is also called red meadow, although the main shade of coat is still red. Gobies differ in impressive dimensions, growth can reach a mark above 170 cm, which makes them giants among cattle of the meat direction. The same goes for weight; there is evidence of a bull weighing about 1,650 kg.
Despite their gigantic size, they are quite calm animals with a complaisant character, which makes their maintenance convenient and comfortable. It is also worth mentioning about the mixed orientation, that is, until the time of slaughter, decent milk yield can be obtained from cows. As in most cases, meat has excellent taste characteristics and is considered first-class beef, judging by consumer estimates.
Limousin Burenka
Another variety of meat breeds is the Limousin Cow. The color of her coat is red, golden red, brown with a noticeable lightening on her stomach and hips. This is not a hornless animal, the horns are small, have a lighter color in comparison with the body. What is the difference between a Limousin cow and its relatives? Despite the fact that the animal is considered heavy, outwardly it is a fairly well-built cow, its skeleton is not large, although the hooves have a pronounced muscle layer, this is clearly visible in the photo. Many breeders jokingly call such a cow a limousine, since its body is unusually elongated, it immediately catches the eye with an external examination.
Limousines can live long, their age can reach 15 years. Since calves are born large, the birth opening of such cows is much wider than that of the rest.
Romanyol breed
The purpose of the breed suggests that cows will be involved in agriculture as a force aid. However, at present the breed has been re-qualified, now it is recognized as one of the meat breeds. What does this animal look like:
- The trunk is large, rounded.
- The backside takes on a square shape.
- Muscles are pronounced, muscle mass is gained quite quickly.
- The limbs are smooth, symmetrical.
- The color of the coat is gray, but males may be darker in color.
- Offspring reproduce quickly.
At birth, the calf's weight reaches 40-45 kg, already at the age of six months the weight increases to 300 kg, and in a year the animal weighs about 500 kg. The maximum mass reaches in 2-3 years. A bull-calf of the Romagnole breed can weigh up to 900 kg, although sometimes the mass can increase to a ton. Moreover, after slaughter, the waste part will be about 30-40%. The taste characteristics of the meat product are quite high and are appreciated in the meat market for excellent quality.
Hornless Russian Cow
This meat breed is widely represented in Russia, which is eloquently indicated by the name “Russian hornless”. Also, the fact that the animal has no horns is clear from the name, that is, it is practically safe for other animals and people. As for the physique, the body shape is standard:
- Dimensions are rectangular.
- Muscle relief is clearly visible.
- The head is not heavy, small in size.
- The chest, on the contrary, is wide, unfolded, and the breast is pronounced.
- The back of the cattle is straight (both back and back).
- Symmetrical thick limbs with well-defined muscle tone.
- The skin of the Russian kolola is appreciated, as it is thin and supple, and it is these qualities that are valued in furrierry.
- The wool of cows and gobies is strictly black, the presence of spots and tans is unacceptable.
In adulthood, animals grow to impressive sizes, their weight is:
- female - 500-600 kg;
- male - up to 1200 kg.
Livestock specialists note that animals of this breed are able to gain weight over a long period, that is, feeding can last much longer than is typical for other breeds.
The breed provides that animals can live in radically different climatic conditions. For this reason, Russian hornless cows can be found both in the southern countries and, for example, in the north of Russia. Animals differ in that they are unpretentious in the care, nutrition and feeding, so you do not have to spend money on expensive feed or heating in the barn.
Charolais
Charolais, or the Charolese Cow, came to us from distant France. Its peculiarity is that after slaughtering, marbled meat is obtained with a low content of fat, of excellent quality, and this despite the fact that feeding the animal during breeding can last quite a long time. If the goal is the consumption or sale of almost lean meat, but at the same time tasty and tender, it is worth considering the acquisition of Charolais breed.
In addition, the following can be said about the breed:
- fast set of muscle mass;
- good and fast acclimatization.
Exterior:
- light coat color (white, beige, yellow, gray);
- the head is not large, although the forehead is wide enough (this is clearly visible in the photo or video);
- powerful neck with veins;
- the chest is set deep, about 2 m in diameter;
- the undercoat is not pronounced;
- the back is straight, there is a barely noticeable sagging in the middle;
- limbs symmetrical, well developed;
- adult growth reaches a mark of 140 cm;
- thin coat.
Markidjan breed
The last breed that we will talk about is the Marchidjan breed. This pedigree breed was developed in Italy, for its breeding it took many years until the goal was achieved. The main feature of the Marchidjan cows is that they quickly gain weight and are well fed. Let's move on to the description of the animal by providing it in the list:
- These are large enough animals.
- Hair color is white, gray or mixed.
- Mass gain is fast.
- Gobies weigh up to 1500 kg, cows - up to 700 kg.
- Bone waste can be up to 30%.
- The meat is traditionally tender and juicy, muscular inclusions are significant.
We described the most common, best and popular meat breeds of cows, talked about their features, main characteristics and advantages. Knowing all this information, it will be much easier for you to decide on the question of which breed is needed to acquire your own cow or bull, especially in terms of quality their meat is amazing.