Honey mushrooms grow everywhere in the Lipetsk region, so a novice mushroom picker can easily fill a basket with these excellent gifts of the forest. At the same time, it is necessary to know the description of poisonous species in order to avoid problems.
Types of honey agarics in the Lipetsk region
Features of the region
The temperate climate of the Lipetsk region promotes good growth of wild and agricultural crops. It is characterized by moderately cold winters and hot summers. The region has rivers and forests, the relief is flat. The percentage of forests in the total area is 7.6% and is rapidly decreasing (which is facilitated by vigorous human activity), therefore, the variety of mushrooms is scarce here, mainly unpretentious species grow. Honey mushrooms are recorded most of all.
Types of honey agarics in the Lipetsk region
Normally, the fruiting body looks like this:
- Hat: outstretched, convex, umbrella. The surface color ranges from cream to red. Diameter - up to 12 cm. It can be smooth or slightly rough.
- Hymenophore: lamellar, plates are light, frequent.
- Leg: long, thin, up to 15 cm high. There are small irregularities, the color is not uniform, the same as the color of the cap. There is a characteristic "skirt" that appears in many species of adult bodies.
This group of mushrooms - honey agarics, prefers deciduous forests, but grows and forms mycorrhiza with conifers. It often parasitizes trees. Can settle on stumps. He is found on the edges, under the spreading bushes.
Honey mushrooms are common in temperate and southern climates and are frost-resistant. In the Lipetsk region, the following types are distinguished: winter mushroom, about. summer, oh. autumn, oh. meadow, about. bulbous and about. dark.
Winter mushroom
The color of the cap is bright yellow or golden brown. The leg is velvety, matching the color of the cap. The fungus bears fruit before the first frost and during the winter thaws. Winters under the snow. Frost does not impair the taste of the pulp.
Irina Selyutina (Biologist):
In Russian, for the winter mushroom, there are synonymous names: winter mushroom, velvety-legged colibia, or velvety-legged flammulina. In Western Europe, this mushroom is widely known as "enokitake", in Russia it is known as "monoks".
Winter honey fungus can be both a parasite and a saprophyte, it all depends on where it lives - on live weakened plants or on dead wood. Representatives of the species do not have a "skirt" characteristic of many species of the honey agaric group, which is often the factor determining edibility. As the name suggests, the first mushrooms can be harvested at the end of September or early October, the peak of fruiting usually occurs at the end of October-November.
The species is found on stumps, fallen trees. He has no poisonous counterparts.
Summer honey mushroom
The shape of the cap is flat, yellowish-brownish in color. Its diameter is up to 8 cm. Even rings, different in color, are visible: dark in the center and at the edges, light in the middle. The hat is called hygrophane because of its ability to swell in wet weather, because in its structure the hyphae are loosely intertwined and there are gaps between them, in which water accumulates. There is always a "skirt" on the leg. Below it, the leg is covered with scales.
The species bears fruit from June to September.
Autumn honey agaric
The species has dark brown caps, the color of the leg is cream or yellowish. The center of the cap is usually more intensely colored due to the denser scales on it. The hymenophore is lamellar ocher or brown. The leg is up to 10 cm long, the diameter of the cap is up to 15 cm. There is also a film "skirt". The pulp is white, fleshy, with a pleasant mushroom smell.
Autumn mushrooms grow in conglomerate on wood. Growth peaks in September.
By the way. Did you know that under the general name "autumn honey" there are 2 types: autumn honey and northern honey? And all because outwardly they are practically indistinguishable. Only mycologists can do this.
Meadow honey
Meadow mushrooms hide in the grass
In dry weather, meadow mushrooms hide in tall thickets of grass.
Irina Selyutina (Biologist):
Since honey mushrooms are a combined group, the meadow mushroom is that representative of it, which, unlike a number of others, does not belong to the Fizalakrievye family, but to the Negniychnikovy family. Meeting, as the name suggests, in a more or less open area, it grows in the soil, and not on stumps or tree trunks. During its fruiting, it often forms peculiar rings of different diameters. In approximately the same environmental conditions, a poisonous species of whitish talker, very similar to it, occurs and develops almost in parallel. Therefore, it is worth carefully examining the surface of the fruiting body. The talker, in contrast to the meadow honey agarics, has frequent hymenophore plates running down the leg.
When it rains, the caps open. The color is cream, there is a small tubercle on the cap. The plates are rare, the color of the cap. The pulp is white and smells like cloves, that's why it is popularly called “clove mushroom”.
Bulbous honey fungus, or thick-legged
It is named so because of the presence of a kind of "tuber" (expansion) at the base of the leg. The hat is large in diameter, the leg is long, with a film "skirt" - the remains of a private bedspread. The color of the cap is reddish brown, sometimes with yellow blotches. The plates are frequent. The pulp is dense, white, the smell is pleasant.
This mushroom prefers deciduous plantings, grows on stumps near the ground, does not affect living trees. Unlike many honey agarics, it bears fruit constantly throughout the season, and not in layers.
Dark mushroom
Dark honey fungus is classified as conditionally edible, it belongs to the 4th category in terms of taste. It is distinguished by a brown cap with dark scales. A darker color is characteristic of the center of the cap. The plates are brown. A private veil, like in many species, remains a ring on a leg in an adult. The pulp is fleshy, white. The thickness of the cap is up to 2 cm.
The smell of the species is pleasant. It grows in deciduous and mixed forests and bears fruit from August to November. Representatives of the species settle at the base of stumps and fallen tree trunks.
Differences between true and poisonous mushrooms
Most of the species are edible, but there are poisonous twins and false mushrooms. Among the poisonous twins are often found:
- Gray-yellow row: it is characterized by an unpleasant acetylene pulp odor.
- Galerina bordered: the ring (remnants of a private coverlet) on the leg is smaller, the scales are white, pressed against the pillar.
False mushrooms are also considered dangerous. They are of several types. The distinguishing features of false from true are:
- there is no ring ("skirt") on the leg;
- smooth surface of the cap;
- the color of the plates is yellow, greenish or olive-black;
- the smell of the pulp is unpleasant, and the taste is bitter.
True fruiting bodies are often confused with red-brick pseudo-foam and sulfur-yellow type of honey. They are most like the true ones. There are few gathering places in the region, but they are definitely rich in fungus subspecies.
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Mushroom picking sites in the area
Honey mushrooms grow everywhere in the Lipetsk region. But they are looking for environmentally friendly fruits in the forests that are located near recreation centers. Focusing on them, it will not be possible to leave the hunt with empty baskets:
- "Quiet Don" 14 km from Zadonsk;
- "Yellow Sands";
- "Forest Fairy Tale";
- Fashchevsky forest (near the village of Fashchevka);
- Sentsovsky forest (near the village of Sentsovo);
- the vicinity of the Zadonsk monastery;
- reserves "Galichya Gora", "Voronezh".
Entrance to the territory of the reserves may be limited. Employees urge to protect the mycelium of mushrooms and cut them carefully.
In addition to honey agarics in the Lipetsk region, boletus, aspen, boletus, chanterelles and milk mushrooms are simultaneously captured. In the spring, a porcini mushroom grows.
Conclusion
There are many types of mushrooms in the Lipetsk region, but due to the small number of forests, the demand for them is extremely high. The mushrooms are considered the most unpretentious and recognizable. They grow in groups, count many species, and bear fruit almost all year round. When collecting, it is important to beware of poisonous species and siblings. The mushrooms must be picked from the ecologically clean pine and deciduous forests of the region.